Sir Arcot Lakshmanaswami Mudaliar , FRCOG, FACS (14 October 1887 – 15 April 1974) was an Indian educationist and physician. He was the identical younger twin brother of Sir A. R. Mudaliar. Initial education was in Kurnool and they moved to Chennai in 1903.

He pursued his education from the Madras Christian College. He later went on to become the longest serving Vice-Chancellor of Madras University (for 27 years) and principal of Madras Medical College. He was also the Deputy Leader of the Indian delegation to the First World Health Assembly in Geneva in 1948. He was elected as the chairman of the World Health Organization (WHO) Executive Board in 1949 and 1950, was Vice-President of the Eighth World Health Assembly in 1955 and President of the Fourteenth World Health Assembly.